Languages study resources
Explore 196 languages resources, with descriptions, learning levels and access information. These links include general learning support; check course codes and exam years on official sites when revising for a qualification.
Search, filter and save these resources →
FUN MOOC
University courses with extensive French-language learning options.
UNAM Aprendo+
Spanish-language courses and learning resources from UNAM.
Perseus Digital Library
Classical texts and related language resources.
British Council LearnEnglish
English lessons, listening activities and practice exercises.
BBC Learning English
Learn English through short lessons and programmes.
DW Learn German
German courses and listening practice.
TV5MONDE Apprendre
French practice through videos and interactive exercises.
RFI Français Facile
French listening practice through news and audio.
Language Transfer
Audio courses that build understanding of language patterns.
YouGlish
Hear words and phrases spoken in real video contexts.
Tatoeba
Example sentences and translations across languages.
WordReference
Dictionaries and discussions about language usage.
Duolingo
Guided daily language practice.
Irodori
Japanese textbooks and audio for everyday communication.
LanguageTool
Grammar and style checking across multiple languages.
DeepL
Translate passages when reading or writing in another language.
AQA · GCSE English Language (8700)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE English Language (8700). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE English Literature (8702)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE English Literature (8702). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level Bengali (7637)
Official A level course page for A-level Bengali (7637). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level English Language (7702)
Official A level course page for A-level English Language (7702). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level English Language and Literature (7707)
Official A level course page for A-level English Language and Literature (7707). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level English Literature A (7712)
Official A level course page for A-level English Literature A (7712). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level English Literature B (7717)
Official A level course page for A-level English Literature B (7717). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level French (7652)
Official A level course page for A-level French (7652). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level German (7662)
Official A level course page for A-level German (7662). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level Hebrew (Biblical) (7677)
Official A level course page for A-level Hebrew (Biblical) (7677). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level Hebrew (Modern) (7672)
Official A level course page for A-level Hebrew (Modern) (7672). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level Panjabi (7682)
Official A level course page for A-level Panjabi (7682). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · A-level Spanish (7692)
Official A level course page for A-level Spanish (7692). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · AS English Language (7701)
Official AS level course page for AS English Language (7701). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · AS English Literature A (7711)
Official AS level course page for AS English Literature A (7711). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · AS English Literature B (7716)
Official AS level course page for AS English Literature B (7716). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · AS French (7651)
Official AS level course page for AS French (7651). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · AS German (7661)
Official AS level course page for AS German (7661). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · AS Spanish (7691)
Official AS level course page for AS Spanish (7691). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE Bengali (8638)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE Bengali (8638). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE Chinese (Mandarin) (8673)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE Chinese (Mandarin) (8673). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE French (8652)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE French (8652). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE French (8658)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE French (8658). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE German (8662)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE German (8662). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE German (8668)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE German (8668). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE Hebrew (Modern) (8678)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE Hebrew (Modern) (8678). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE Italian (8633)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE Italian (8633). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE Panjabi (8683)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE Panjabi (8683). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE Spanish (8692)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE Spanish (8692). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE Spanish (8698)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE Spanish (8698). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
AQA · GCSE Urdu (8648)
Official GCSE course page for GCSE Urdu (8648). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
OCR · English Language (9-1) · J351
Official GCSE course page for English Language (9-1). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
OCR · English Literature (9-1) · J352
Official GCSE course page for English Literature (9-1). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
OCR · English Language · H070-H470
Official AS / A level course page for English Language. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
OCR · English Language and Literature (EMC) · H074-H474
Official AS / A level course page for English Language and Literature (EMC). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
OCR · English Literature · H072-H472
Official AS / A level course page for English Literature. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Afrikaans - Second Language - 0548
Official IGCSE course page for Afrikaans - Second Language - 0548. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Arabic - First Language - 0508
Official IGCSE course page for Arabic - First Language - 0508. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Arabic - First Language (9-1) - 7184
Official IGCSE course page for Arabic - First Language (9-1) - 7184. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Arabic - Foreign Language - 0544
Official IGCSE course page for Arabic - Foreign Language - 0544. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Arabic (9-1) - 7180 New
Official IGCSE course page for Arabic (9-1) - 7180 New. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Chinese - First Language - 0509
Official IGCSE course page for Chinese - First Language - 0509. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Chinese - Second Language - 0523
Official IGCSE course page for Chinese - Second Language - 0523. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Chinese (Mandarin) - Foreign Language (0547)
Official IGCSE course page for Chinese (Mandarin) - Foreign Language (0547). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English - First Language - 0500
Official IGCSE course page for English - First Language - 0500. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English - First Language (9-1) - 0990
Official IGCSE course page for English - First Language (9-1) - 0990. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English - First Language (US) - 0524
Official IGCSE course page for English - First Language (US) - 0524. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English – Literature in English – 0475
Official International AS / A level course page for English – Literature in English – 0475. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English – Literature in English (9-1) – 0992
Official IGCSE course page for English – Literature in English (9-1) – 0992. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English (as an Additional Language) - 0472 New
Official IGCSE course page for English (as an Additional Language) - 0472 New. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English (as an Additional Language) (9-1) - 0772 New
Official IGCSE course page for English (as an Additional Language) (9-1) - 0772 New. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English (Core) as a Second Language (Egypt) - 0465
Official IGCSE course page for English (Core) as a Second Language (Egypt) - 0465. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English as a Second Language (Count-in speaking) (0511)
Official IGCSE course page for English as a Second Language (Count-in speaking) (0511). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English as a Second Language (Speaking endorsement) - 0510
Official IGCSE course page for English as a Second Language (Speaking endorsement) - 0510. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English as a Second Language (Speaking Endorsement) (9-1) - 0993
Official IGCSE course page for English as a Second Language (Speaking Endorsement) (9-1) - 0993. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · French - First Language - 0501
Official IGCSE course page for French - First Language - 0501. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · French - Foreign Language - 0520
Official IGCSE course page for French - Foreign Language - 0520. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · French (9-1) - 7156
Official IGCSE course page for French (9-1) - 7156. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · German - First Language - 0505
Official IGCSE course page for German - First Language - 0505. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · German - Foreign Language - 0525
Official IGCSE course page for German - Foreign Language - 0525. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · German (9-1) - 7159
Official IGCSE course page for German (9-1) - 7159. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Hindi as a Second Language - 0549
Official IGCSE course page for Hindi as a Second Language - 0549. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · IsiZulu as a Second Language - 0531
Official IGCSE course page for IsiZulu as a Second Language - 0531. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Italian - Foreign Language - 0535
Official IGCSE course page for Italian - Foreign Language - 0535. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Italian (9-1) - 7164
Official IGCSE course page for Italian (9-1) - 7164. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Japanese - Foreign Language - 0716 New
Official IGCSE course page for Japanese - Foreign Language - 0716 New. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Malay - First Language - 0696
Official IGCSE course page for Malay - First Language - 0696. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Malay - Foreign Language - 0546
Official IGCSE course page for Malay - Foreign Language - 0546. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Portuguese - First Language - 0504
Official IGCSE course page for Portuguese - First Language - 0504. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Sanskrit - 0499
Official IGCSE course page for Sanskrit - 0499. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Setswana - First Language - 0698
Official IGCSE course page for Setswana - First Language - 0698. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Spanish - First Language - 0502
Official IGCSE course page for Spanish - First Language - 0502. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Spanish - Foreign Language - 0530
Official IGCSE course page for Spanish - Foreign Language - 0530. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Spanish - Literature in Spanish - 0474
Official IGCSE course page for Spanish - Literature in Spanish - 0474. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Spanish (9-1) - 7160
Official IGCSE course page for Spanish (9-1) - 7160. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Swahili - 0262
Official IGCSE course page for Swahili - 0262. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Thai - First Language - 0518
Official IGCSE course page for Thai - First Language - 0518. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Turkish - First Language - 0513
Official IGCSE course page for Turkish - First Language - 0513. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Urdu as a Second Language - 0539
Official IGCSE course page for Urdu as a Second Language - 0539. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Vietnamese - First Language - 0695 New
Official IGCSE course page for Vietnamese - First Language - 0695 New. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · World Literature - 0408
Official IGCSE course page for World Literature - 0408. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Afrikaans - Language (AS Level only) - 8679
Official International AS / A level course page for Afrikaans - Language (AS Level only) - 8679. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Arabic - 9680
Official International AS / A level course page for Arabic - 9680. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Arabic - 9865 New
Official International AS / A level course page for Arabic - 9865 New. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Arabic - Language (AS Level only) - 8680
Official International AS / A level course page for Arabic - Language (AS Level only) - 8680. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Chinese - Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9868
Official International AS / A level course page for Chinese - Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9868. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Chinese Language (AS Level only) - 8238
Official International AS / A level course page for Chinese Language (AS Level only) - 8238. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English - Language and Literature (AS Level only) - 8695
Official International AS / A level course page for English - Language and Literature (AS Level only) - 8695. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English - Literature - 9695
Official International AS / A level course page for English - Literature - 9695. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English General Paper
Official International AS / A level course page for English General Paper. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · English Language - 9093
Official International AS / A level course page for English Language - 9093. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · French Language & Literature - 9898
Official International AS / A level course page for French Language & Literature - 9898. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · French Language (AS Level only) - 8028
Official International AS / A level course page for French Language (AS Level only) - 8028. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · German - Language (AS Level only) - 8027
Official International AS / A level course page for German - Language (AS Level only) - 8027. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · German Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9897
Official International AS / A level course page for German Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9897. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Portuguese - Language (AS Level only) - 8684
Official International AS / A level course page for Portuguese - Language (AS Level only) - 8684. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Portuguese (A Level only) - 9718
Official International AS / A level course page for Portuguese (A Level only) - 9718. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Spanish - Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9844
Official International AS / A level course page for Spanish - Language & Literature (A Level only) - 9844. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Spanish Language (AS Level only) - 8022
Official International AS / A level course page for Spanish Language (AS Level only) - 8022. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Tamil - 9689 (A Level only)
Official International AS / A level course page for Tamil - 9689 (A Level only). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Tamil - Language - 8689 (AS Level only)
Official International AS / A level course page for Tamil - Language - 8689 (AS Level only). Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Urdu - Language (AS Level only) - 8686
Official International AS / A level course page for Urdu - Language (AS Level only) - 8686. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Urdu - Pakistan only (A Level only) - 9686
Official International AS / A level course page for Urdu - Pakistan only (A Level only) - 9686. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
Cambridge International · Urdu Language & Literature (9866) – for centres in Pakistan
Official International AS / A level course page for Urdu Language & Literature (9866) – for centres in Pakistan. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP English Language and Composition
Official AP course page for AP English Language and Composition. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP English Literature and Composition
Official AP course page for AP English Literature and Composition. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP Chinese Language and Culture
Official AP course page for AP Chinese Language and Culture. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP French Language and Culture
Official AP course page for AP French Language and Culture. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP German Language and Culture
Official AP course page for AP German Language and Culture. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP Italian Language and Culture
Official AP course page for AP Italian Language and Culture. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP Japanese Language and Culture
Official AP course page for AP Japanese Language and Culture. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP Spanish Language and Culture
Official AP course page for AP Spanish Language and Culture. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
College Board · AP · AP Spanish Literature and Culture
Official AP course page for AP Spanish Literature and Culture. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
CBSE · Arabic · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Assamese · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Bengali · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · English · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · French · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · German · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Gujarati · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Hindi · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Japanese · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Kannada · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Malayalam · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Marathi · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Nepali · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Odia · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Persian · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Punjabi · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Russian · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Sanskrit · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Sindhi · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Spanish · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Tamil · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Telugu AP · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Telugu Telangana · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Tibetan · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Urdu · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · English - Language and Literature · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · English Communicative · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Hindi Course-A · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Hindi Course-B · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Kannada · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Sanskrit · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Sanskrit Communiucative · Secondary · Part 1
Official Secondary · Part 1 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Arabic · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Assamese · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Bengali · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · French · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · German · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Gujarati · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Hindi Core · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Hindi Elective · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · English Core · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · English Elective · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Japanese · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Kannada · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Malayalam · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Marathi · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Nepali · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Odia · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Persian · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Punjabi · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Russian · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Sanskrit Core · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Sanskrit Elective · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Sindhi · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Spanish · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Tamil · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Telugu AP · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Telugu Telangana · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Tibetan · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Urdu Core · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
CBSE · Urdu Elective · Secondary · Part 2
Official Secondary · Part 2 curriculum document for 2026–27.
VCAA · Victoria · Bridging English as an Additional Language
Official VCE course page for Bridging English as an Additional Language. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
VCAA · Victoria · English and English as an Additional Language
Official VCE course page for English and English as an Additional Language. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
VCAA · Victoria · English Language
Official VCE course page for English Language. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
VCAA · Victoria · Foundation English
Official VCE course page for Foundation English. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
VCAA · Victoria · Literature
Official VCE course page for Literature. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.
VCAA · Victoria · Languages
Official VCE course page for Languages. Check the course code, exam year and available specification version.